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Coaxial Cable Specifications and Technical Data Sheets​

Coaxial cables are crucial for transmitting high-frequency electrical signals with minimal interference. This article offers an overview of their specifications and technical data.​

1. Structure of Coaxial Cables​

A coaxial cable comprises four main parts:​

  • Inner Conductor: Usually made of copper, it carries the electrical signal.​
  • Dielectric Insulation: Materials like polyethylene isolate the inner conductor and prevent signal leakage.​
  • Outer Conductor (Shield): It can be braided wire mesh or a solid tube, shielding against EMI and serving as a return path for current.​
  • Outer Jacket: Made of PVC or PU, it protects the cable from physical damage and environmental factors.​

2. Key Specifications​

2.1 Characteristic Impedance​

Measured in ohms, common values are 50 Ω (RF applications), 75 Ω (video and CATV), and 93 Ω (specific data systems).​

2.2 Attenuation​

Signal loss along the cable, measured in dB/m, is affected by frequency, length, and cable construction.​

2.3 Capacitance and Inductance​

Capacitance (pF/m) impacts signal speed and impedance; inductance (H/m) influences impedance and signal – carrying capacity.​

2.4 Maximum Voltage Rating​

Determined by the dielectric and construction, it indicates the highest safe voltage the cable can carry.​

3. Technical Data Sheets​

They detail a cable’s performance:​

  • General Information: Manufacturer, model number, and application.​
  • Physical Specifications: Overall diameter, inner/outer conductor dimensions.​
  • Electrical Specifications: Impedance, attenuation at different frequencies, and VSWR.​
  • Environmental Specifications: Operating temperature range, humidity, and flame resistance.​

4. Types of Coaxial Cables​

  • Rigid Coaxial Cables: Solid outer conductor, used in high-power RF, with low loss but low flexibility.​
  • Flexible Coaxial Cables: Braided outer conductor, common in consumer electronics, more flexible but higher attenuation.​
  • Semi – Rigid Coaxial Cables: Balance rigidity and flexibility, used in aerospace and military.​
  • Triaxial Cables: Extra shielding layer, for applications requiring high EMI protection.​

5. Applications of Coaxial Cables​

Used in telecommunications (telephone and cellular networks), broadcasting (CATV and radio), data transmission (Ethernet and high – speed links), and industrial/military systems.​

6. Choosing the Right Coaxial Cable​

Consider application requirements, cable length, environmental conditions, and cost – effectiveness when selecting a coaxial cable.​

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