Micro Coaxial Cable-Micro Coaxial Cable factory-(FRS)-FRS
Signal loss in coaxial cable assemblies directly impacts the performance of communication, test, and industrial systems—leading to degraded signal quality, reduced transmission distance, or even system failure. Accurate calculation of this loss is critical for system design, component selection, and troubleshooting. Below is a practical, step-by-step guide to help you compute signal loss effectively, along with key factors to consider.
Before calculating, it is essential to identify the variables that influence signal loss. These factors determine the accuracy of your results:
The total signal loss (L_total, in decibels, dB) of a coaxial assembly is the sum of cable attenuation (L_cable) and connector insertion loss (L_connectors). Here’s how to compute each:
Cable manufacturers provide attenuation values (α) in their datasheets, usually expressed as dB per 100 meters (dB/100m) or dB per 100 feet (dB/100ft) at specific frequencies. For example, a RG-58 cable might specify α = 9.5 dB/100m at 1 GHz.
If datasheet data is unavailable for your exact frequency, use the attenuation constant formula (simplified for practical use):\( \alpha = k_1 \times \sqrt{f} + k_2 \times f \)
Note: Contact the cable manufacturer for k1 and k2 values if unknown—this ensures accuracy.
Multiply the attenuation per unit length (α) by the actual cable length (L) to get total cable loss:\( L_{cable} = \alpha \times L \)
Example: For a 15-meter RG-58 cable at 1 GHz (α = 9.5 dB/100m):\( L_{cable} = \left( \frac{9.5\ \text{dB}}{100\ \text{m}} \right) \times 15\ \text{m} = 1.425\ \text{dB} \)
Most coaxial assemblies have two connectors (one at each end). Use the connector’s datasheet insertion loss (L_conn) per unit and multiply by the number of connectors (n):\( L_{connectors} = n \times L_{conn} \)
Example: Two SMA connectors with L_conn = 0.2 dB each at 1 GHz:\( L_{connectors} = 2 \times 0.2\ \text{dB} = 0.4\ \text{dB} \)
Sum the cable and connector losses. For temperature correction (if needed), multiply by a temperature factor (T_f, typically 1.005–1.01 per 10°C rise):\( L_{total} = (L_{cable} + L_{connectors}) \times T_f \)
Final Example (15m RG-58, 2 SMA connectors, 1 GHz, 25°C ambient):\( L_{total} = (1.425\ \text{dB} + 0.4\ \text{dB}) \times 1.0 = 1.825\ \text{dB} \)
Proper signal loss calculation ensures you select the right coaxial assembly for your needs. For example, a 5G base station needing <3 dB loss over 20m at 3.5 GHz would require a low-loss cable (e.g., RG-214 with α = 4.2 dB/100m) instead of RG-58.
When sourcing coaxial cable assemblies, reliable components are just as critical as accurate calculations. FRS, a leading manufacturer of coaxial assemblies, designs its products with low-loss materials (e.g., solid copper cores, PTFE dielectric) and precision-machined connectors (SMA, N-type, QMA) to minimize insertion loss. Every FRS assembly comes with detailed datasheets—including frequency-specific attenuation values and temperature coefficients—making your loss calculations fast and accurate. Whether for telecom, test & measurement, or industrial applications, FRS ensures your system performs as designed, with predictable signal loss and long-term reliability.
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