Key Specifications of Coaxial Cables
Understanding the technical specifications of coaxial cables ensures optimal performance for your application. Here are the critical parameters:
Impedance
50 Ohm: Ideal for high-power transmission and communication systems (e.g., cellular networks, radio transmitters).
75 Ohm: Optimized for video and audio signal transmission (e.g., cable TV, satellite dishes).
Cable Diameter
Thicker cables (e.g., 0.5 inches) offer lower signal loss over long distances but are less flexible.
Thinner cables (e.g., 0.25 inches) are easier to install in tight spaces but have higher attenuation.
Shielding
Single Shield: Basic protection against interference.
Double Shield (Foil + Braid): Enhanced noise resistance for high-frequency applications.
Quad Shield: Maximum shielding for environments with heavy electromagnetic interference.
Jacket Material
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Flexible and cost-effective for indoor use.
PE (Polyethylene): Weather-resistant for outdoor installations.
LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen): Fire-retardant for industrial or public spaces.
Frequency Range
RG-6 cables support up to 3 GHz, suitable for HD video and broadband.
LMR-400 cables handle up to 6 GHz, ideal for high-frequency RF applications.
Common Coaxial Cable Models
Coaxial cables are categorized by standardized models, each designed for specific use cases:
RG-6
Specs: 75 Ohm, PVC/PE jacket, quad shielding.
Applications: Cable TV, satellite TV, broadband internet.
RG-58
Specs: 50 Ohm, PVC jacket, single shielding.
Applications: Radio antennas, amateur radio, short-distance networking.
RG-174
Specs: 50 Ohm, thin diameter (0.1 inches), flexible.
Applications: GPS systems, Wi-Fi extenders, automotive sensors.
LMR-200/LMR-400
Specs: 50 Ohm, low-loss design, UV-resistant PE jacket.
Applications: Cellular networks, wireless base stations, RF antennas.
HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial)
Specs: Combines fiber optic and coaxial elements for high bandwidth.
Applications: Modern cable internet and telecom infrastructure.
Triaxial Cable
Specs: Three-layer shielding for ultra-low interference.
Applications: Broadcast studios, medical imaging equipment.
How to Choose the Right Coaxial Cable
Consider these factors when selecting a coaxial cable:
Environment: Outdoor installations require UV-resistant jackets (e.g., PE).
Frequency Needs: Match the cable’s frequency range to your equipment (e.g., 5G networks need >3 GHz).
Signal Loss: Use low-loss models like LMR-400 for long-distance runs.
Connector Compatibility: Ensure the cable works with your connectors (e.g., F-type, BNC, N-type).
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