MBR=k×OD(where k=3 to 10, depending on construction)
B. Structural Vulnerabilities
Conductor Distortion: Bending compresses the inner conductor and stretches the outer shield, disrupting the coaxial geometry.
Dielectric Stress: PTFE or foam dielectric materials may crack under repeated flexing.
Shield Damage: Braided or foil shields can separate, compromising shielding effectiveness (SE).
Bend Radius (mm) Insertion Loss at 40 GHz (dB/m)
10 (MBR = 5× OD) 0.8
6 (3× OD) 1.5
4 (2× OD) 3.2 (signal unusable)
Example: A 1.2mm cable (OD) with PTFE dielectric.
B. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Sharp bends create reflections due to impedance discontinuities, raising VSWR:
Acceptable VSWR: <1.5:1 for most RF systems.
Bent Cable VSWR: Up to 2.5:1 at 28 GHz (5G n257 band), causing beamforming errors.
C. Phase Instability
In phased array antennas, inconsistent bend radii across multiple cables introduce phase errors:
Phase Shift: Up to 15° per 90° bend at 60 GHz (WiGig applications).
Impact: Reduced beam steering accuracy in 5G mmWave base stations.
B. Root Cause Analysis
Inner Conductor Fracture: SEM imaging revealed micro-cracks in the silver-plated copper core.
Shield Separation: The helical shield detached at bend points, reducing SE by 25 dB.
C. Solution
Redesigned Cable: Used a stranded inner conductor and double-shielded design (braid + foil).
Bend Radius Relaxation: Increased MBR from 2mm to 4mm (5× OD).
Result: Insertion loss lowered to 0.6 dB/m at 30 MHz, meeting FDA Class III device standards.
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